“Which controls airspeed during a descent or approach — pitch or power?” If someone springs this question on you with the satisfied expression of a prosecutor introducing Exhibit A, your first answer should be “It depends.” Not because you’re dodging the question. Because the question is incomplete — and possibly because your interrogator is more…
Learning to fly means mastering four fundamentals: climbs, descents, turns, and straight-and-level flight. Today, I’ll discuss one type of descent: the glide. Gliding is an underrated skill that too few pilots understand or practice. Regularly practicing gliding descents teaches pilots one of an airplane’s important limits and builds confidence. Knowing how far an airplane can…
Teaching a student pilot when to flare is as important as teaching them how to flare and is equally challenging. Students often start the flare too soon, balloon, float, or settle in with excess speed; start too late, and the landing becomes firm or flat. The instructor’s job is to turn a vague visual problem…
Let’s be honest. In a cockpit loaded with GPS moving maps, synthetic vision, and glass panels that practically fly the airplane, the magnetic compass gets about as much attention as the ashtray. It is there. It is required by FAR 91.205. And most pilots treat it like a fire extinguisher — glad it exists but…
Every instructor has seen it. The preflight feels like a chore. The checklist was recited from memory rather than read aloud. The taxi looks more like a commute than a deliberate operation. And then the inevitable phrase in the debrief: “I’ve done it that way a hundred times.” That’s not an aviator talking. That is…
Imagine your airplane is hanging from the sky on an invisible string. That string isn’t attached to the tail, the nose, or the cabin door your passenger keeps slamming. It’s attached to a point somewhere above the wing, aligned with the lift vector. The wing’s job is to keep that string taut — pulling the…
Of all the forces that seem determined to pull your airplane to the left, like a shopping cart with a stubborn wheel, gyroscopic precession is the most misunderstood. It sounds exotic, maybe even mystical, but it’s just Sir Isaac Newton reminding us that he’s still in charge. Your propeller is not just a wind generator…
Every pilot has felt that mysterious nudge to the left when power is applied during takeoff. The nose yaws slightly, the runway centerline begins to drift right, and the instructor yells, “Right rudder!” But what exactly is pushing your nose left? Meet the mischievous culprit: the spiraling slipstream. When the propeller spins, it doesn’t simply push…
Pilots notice early in their training that single‑engine, propeller‑driven airplanes seem to“want” to turn left, especially during takeoff and climb. This isn’t sloppy flying or bad trimwork — it is physics at work. Four primary forces gang up on the airplane to createthese left‑turning tendencies: torque, slipstream, P‑factor, and gyroscopic precession. Inthis and the next…
There are only two speeds in flying: 1) slow and methodical, or 2) screw‑up. Aviation does not reward rushing. Checklists, briefings, and flows are really just formal ways of saying, “Take your time, your brain needs it.” When a pilot chooses the slower tempo, the mind has room to notice the quiet little gremlins that…